import functools
import logging
from typing import (
    Optional,
    Union,
)

from beaker.cache import CacheManager
from beaker.util import parse_cache_config_options

from galaxy.schema.citations import (
    BibtexCitationResponse,
    CitationErrorResponse,
)
from galaxy.structured_app import BasicSharedApp
from galaxy.tool_util_models.tool_source import Citation
from galaxy.util import (
    DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT,
    requests,
)

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CitationT = Union["BibtexCitation", "DoiCitation"]
OptionalCitationT = Optional[CitationT]


class CitationsManager:
    def __init__(self, app: BasicSharedApp) -> None:
        self.app = app
        self.doi_cache = DoiCache(app.config)

    def citations_for_tool(self, tool):
        return tool.citations

    def citations_for_tool_ids(self, tool_ids):
        citation_collection = CitationCollection()
        errors: list[CitationErrorResponse] = []
        for tool_id in tool_ids:
            tool = self._get_tool(tool_id)
            if not tool:
                log.warning("Tool '%s' not found, citations may be missing.", tool_id)
                errors.append(
                    CitationErrorResponse(
                        error=f"Tool '{tool_id}' not found. Citations for this tool may be missing.",
                        tool_id=tool_id,
                    )
                )
                continue
            for citation in self.citations_for_tool(tool):
                citation_collection.add(citation)
        return citation_collection.citations, errors

    def parse_citation(self, citation_model: Citation) -> OptionalCitationT:
        return parse_citation(citation_model, self)

    def _get_tool(self, tool_id):
        tool = self.app.toolbox.get_tool(tool_id)
        return tool


class DoiCache:
    def __init__(self, config):
        cache_opts = {
            "cache.type": config.citation_cache_type,
            "cache.data_dir": config.citation_cache_data_dir,
            "cache.lock_dir": config.citation_cache_lock_dir,
            "cache.url": config.citation_cache_url,
            "cache.table_name": config.citation_cache_table_name,
            "cache.schema_name": config.citation_cache_schema_name,
        }
        self._cache = CacheManager(**parse_cache_config_options(cache_opts)).get_cache("doi")

    def _raw_get_bibtex(self, doi):
        doi_url = f"https://doi.org/{doi}"
        headers = {"Accept": "application/x-bibtex"}
        res = requests.get(doi_url, headers=headers, timeout=DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
        # To decode the response content, res.text tries to determine the
        # content encoding from the Content-Type header (res.encoding), and if
        # that fails, falls back to guessing from the content itself (res.apparent_encoding).
        # The guessed encoding is sometimes wrong, better to default to utf-8.
        res.raise_for_status()
        if res.encoding is None:
            res.encoding = "utf-8"
        return res.text

    def get_bibtex(self, doi):
        createfunc = functools.partial(self._raw_get_bibtex, doi)
        return self._cache.get(key=doi, createfunc=createfunc)


def parse_citation(citation_model: Citation, citation_manager) -> OptionalCitationT:
    """
    Parse an abstract citation entry from the specified XML element.
    """
    citation_type = citation_model.type
    citation_class = CITATION_CLASSES.get(citation_type, None)
    if not citation_class:
        log.warning(f"Unknown or unspecified citation type: {citation_type}")
        return None
    try:
        citation = citation_class(citation_model, citation_manager)
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(f"Invalid citation of type '{citation_type}' with content '{citation_model.content}': {e}")
    return citation


class CitationCollection:
    def __init__(self):
        self.citations = []

    def __iter__(self):
        return self.citations.__iter__()

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.citations)

    def add(self, new_citation):
        for citation in self.citations:
            if citation.equals(new_citation):
                # TODO: We have two equivalent citations, pick the more
                # informative/complete/correct.
                return False

        self.citations.append(new_citation)
        return True


class BaseCitation:
    def to_dict(self, citation_format):
        if citation_format == "bibtex":
            return BibtexCitationResponse(content=self.to_bibtex())
        else:
            raise Exception(f"Unknown citation format {citation_format}")

    def equals(self, other_citation):
        if self.has_doi() and other_citation.has_doi():
            return self.doi() == other_citation.doi()
        else:
            # TODO: Do a better job figuring out if this is the same citation.
            return self.to_bibtex() == other_citation.to_bibtex()

    def has_doi(self):
        return False


class BibtexCitation(BaseCitation):
    def __init__(self, citation_model: Citation, citation_manager: CitationsManager):
        self.raw_bibtex = citation_model.content

    def to_bibtex(self) -> str:
        return self.raw_bibtex


BIBTEX_UNSET = object()


class DoiCitation(BaseCitation):

    def __init__(self, citation_model: Citation, citation_manager: CitationsManager):
        self.__doi = citation_model.content
        self.doi_cache = citation_manager.doi_cache
        self.raw_bibtex = BIBTEX_UNSET

    def has_doi(self):
        return True

    def doi(self):
        return self.__doi

    def to_bibtex(self) -> str:
        if self.raw_bibtex is BIBTEX_UNSET:
            try:
                self.raw_bibtex = self.doi_cache.get_bibtex(self.__doi)
            except Exception:
                log.debug("Failed to fetch bibtex for DOI %s", self.__doi)

        if self.raw_bibtex is BIBTEX_UNSET:
            return f"""@MISC{{{self.__doi},
                DOI = {{{self.__doi}}},
                note = {{Failed to fetch BibTeX for DOI.}}
            }}"""
        else:
            return str(self.raw_bibtex)


CITATION_CLASSES: dict[str, type[CitationT]] = dict(
    bibtex=BibtexCitation,
    doi=DoiCitation,
)
